Import substitution is a strategy aimed at reducing reliance on imported goods by producing domestically what was previously imported. While Uganda has made strides in certain sectors, achieving import substitution across the board remains a work in progress. While there are notable achievements, Uganda still faces challenges in achieving full import substitution. These challenges include limited industrial capacity, infrastructure deficits, quality control issues, and competition from cheaper imports. However, with continued investment, policy support, and private sector engagement, Uganda can further advance its import substitution agenda and promote economic self-sufficiency.